General Abbreviations and Contractions

aff. -- affinity
alt. -- altitude/elevation
auct. -- of an author/authors (auctoris/auctoribus)
C -- Central
°C -- degrees Celsius
ca. -- circa - used in descriptions for "about" or "approximately"
cf. -- compare (confer)
comb. -- combination
comb. nov. -- new combination
Cr. -- Creek
Dept. -- Department
diam. -- diameter
ed./eds. -- editor/editors
e.g. -- for example (exempli gratia)
et al. -- and others (et alii)
etc. -- and the rest (et cetera)
fam. -- family
Fig./Figs. -- Figure/Figures
fl -- flowering
fr -- fruiting
fo. -- forma
gen. -- genus
hom. -- homonym
Hwy. -- Highway
i.e. -- that is (id est)
in litt. -- in correspondence (in litteris)
lat./long. -- latitude/longitude
l.c. -- ditto cited (loco citato)
l.s. -- longitudinal section
Mun. -- Municipality (Municipio)
n/2n -- haploid/diploid chromosome number
nom. cons. -- conserved name
nom. illeg. -- illegitimate name
nom. inval. -- invalid name
nom. nud. -- nomen nudum (a name published without description)
nom. rej. -- rejected name
n.v. -- not seen (non viso)
p./pp. -- page/pages
p.p. -- in part (pro parte)
Prov. -- Province
s.d. -- without date
sect. -- section
ser. -- series
SEM -- scanning electron microscopy
s.l. -- in a wide sense (sensu lato)
s.n. -- without number (sine numero)
s. str. -- in a narrow sense (sensu stricto)
sp./spp. -- species
stat. nov. -- new status
subsp. -- subspecies
subgen. -- subgenus
syn. nov. -- new synonym
st -- sterile
t.s. -- tangential section
typ. cons. -- conserved type
var. -- variety
vs. -- versus
vis. -- seen (viso)
viz. -- namely (videlicet)
x.s. -- cross section

Compass Directions

E/N/S/W

Months of the Year

Jan/Feb/Mar/Apr/May/Jun/Jul/Aug/Sep/Oct/Nov/Dec

Metric Units

km/m/dm/cm/mm/µm