Lomariopsis vestita E. Fourn.
Lomariopsis vestita E. Fourn , Bull. Bot. Soc. France 19: 250. 1872. Stenochlaena vestita (E. Fourn.) Underw., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 600. 1907 ("1906"). TYPE: Nicaragua . Chontales: 600 m, Jun 1870, Lévy 476 (HOLOTYPE: P; ISOTYPES: G, K).
Lomariopsis pittieri (H. Christ) H. Christ, Prim. Fl. Costaric. 3: 9. 1901. Acrostichum pittieri H. Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belgique 35: 243. 1896. Stenochlaena pittieri (H. Christ) Diels, Nat. Pflanzenf. 1(4): 251. 1899. Syntypes: COSTA RICA. Heredia: Puerto Viejo, a sou confluent avec le Sarapiquí, Apr 1892, Pittier 6931 (CR, P, US); Forêts du Yurquin, 50 m, Pittier & Tonduz 8581 (PHOTOS: BM, US ex BR); Forêts du Shirores, Talamanca, 100 m, s.d., Pittier & Tonduz 9203 (CR, P, US; PHOTOS: BM, GH, US ex BR).
Rhizome scales 510 mm long, whitish to very pale orangish, narrowly lanceolate to linear, spreading . Leaves 3075 cm long; petioles 28 cm long, 1/101/4 the length of the laminae; laminae oblanceolate, gradually reduced toward the base; pinnae 412 ´ 11.8 cm, pairs 2035, alternate to subopposite, patent, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, entire to crenulate or serrate toward the apex, equilateral, truncate to subtruncate or very broadly cuneate, sessile or nearly so, the apices acute to acuminate or, in the highly reduced proximal pinnae, obtuse; rachises usually winged conspicuously throughout (this sometimes obscured in drying), or only marginate proximally . Fertile pinnae 1.53 wide; paraphyses absent; annular cells 1316; spores crested.
Distribution and habitat.Lomariopsis vestita occurs from s. Mexico to Colombia (w. side of the Andes ) (Fig. 9). It occurs in wet forests, from 0 to 1000 m.
Lomariopsis vestita can usually be distinguished by oblanceolate laminae tapered toward the base to a short petiole. The reduced, proximal pinnae are often elliptical or shortly oblong and obtuse to acute apically. The species is further characterized by whitish to very pale orange rhizome scales, numerous (2035) pairs of sessile pinnae, and often conspicuously winged rachises.
The laminae of Lomariopsis vestita vary in the amount of reduction toward the base, and this sometimes makes the species difficult to distinguish from Lomariopsis fendleri , which is not or only slightly reduced toward the base. The majority of specimens have laminae gradually tapered to a short petiole and proximal pinnae obtuse to acute. But several specimens, especially from the southern part of the range, have wider, less cuneate bases, and more narrowly acute proximal pinnae. These specimens resemble L. fendleri , with which L. vestita has sometimes been lumped (Smith, 1991; Tryon & Stolze, 1991; Tryon & Tryon, 1982). Examples of intermediate specimens are Grayum et al. 1985 ( Costa Rica ) and McPherson 12263C ( Panama ) . The spores of these specimens appear normal (not aborted) and thus do not indicate hybridity. More work is needed to determine the nature of these intermediates, but for now it seems best to recognize two distinct species because the extremes are so different. A helpful character to separate the two species is the width of the fertile pinnae: those of L. vestita are 23 mm wide, whereas those of L. fendleri are 36 mm.
Selected specimens examined. MEXICO . Chiapas : Finca Mexiquito, 1913, Purpus 6770 (BM, F, GH, UC), 6873 (B, BM, C, F, G, GH, MO, NY, UC , US , Z). Oaxaca: Mun. Santa María Chimalapa, Sierra del Mango, cabacera del Arroyo Carrizal, ca. 16 km ESE de Santa María, 16°53'N, 94°36'W, 450 m, Hernández G. 2229 (NY); Distr. Ixtlán, 29 km S of Valle Nacional, 80 km N of Ixtlán de Juárez, 500600 m, 13 Aug 1971, Mickel 6449 (NY); Mun. Matías Romero, lomas N del Arroyo Hamaca, 24 km S de Esmeraldas, 17°2'N, 94°43'W, 200 m, 2 Apr 1982, Wendt 3822 (UC).
BELIZE . Toledo District, Maya Mts. , between Caraval and Union Camp, Boutin & Schlosser 5093 (MO); Middlesex, 60 m, Schipp 84 (NY, Z).
GUATEMALA . Alta Verapaz: Chamá, 300 m, Johnson 375 (US); vic. of Laguna Sapalá (Chajvovuch), 1 mile SW of Sibicté, 280 m, Steyermark 44915 (F, US); Cubilquitz, 350 m, von Türckheim 172 (G, GH, P, U), 8042 (B, K, US). Izabal: Escoba, W from Puerto Barrios, 0 m, 3 May 1939, Standley 72897 (F, NY); between Virginia and Lago Izabal, Montaña del Mico, 50500 m, Steyermark 38813 (F, US); between Dartmouth and Morales towards Lago Izabal, Montaña del Mico, 35135 m, Steyermark 39045 (F); between Escobas and Montaña Escobas, across bay from Puerto Barrios, 1100 m, Steyermark 39277 (F); Cerro San Gil, along Río Frío, 5075 m, Steyermark 41585 (F, US), 41600 (F). Prov. Unknown: Ixcán, Bernoulli & Cario 258 (P).
HONDURAS . Atlántida: Campamiento Quebrada Grande, 10 km SW of La Ceiba, base of N slope of Pico Bonito, 15°42'N, 86°51'W, 80 m, Liesner 26271 (MO); Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 20600 m, Standley 53188 (F, US), 53206 (F), 54853 (F); Lancetilla, Tela area, 30 Jul 1951, Steeves & Ray 383 (NY, UC), Steeves & Ray 406 (GH, US) . Gracias a Dios: 2 mi NW of Bulebar on third N branch of Quebrada Tiro, tributary of Río Platano, 15°43'N, 84°50'W, 60 m, 22 Mar 1981, Saunders 1085 (BM, F, NY). Yoro: Guaymas, 1560 m, Ames 42 (US), 44 (US).
NIC AR AGUA . Chontales: without exact locality, Seemann 218 (K). Zelaya: costado Oeste del Cerro La Pimienta, 13°44'N, 84°59'W, 8001000 m, 16 Apr 1979, Grijalva 382 (CR, NY, UC); Costado Sur del Cerro La Pimienta y N de Cerro El Hormiguero, 13°44'N, 84°59'W, 800900 m, Grijalva 298 (CR, UC); Cerro La Pimienta, 13°45'N, 84°59'W, 900980 m, Pipoly 5098 (CR, UC); Castillo el Viejo, 1893, Schimk & Smith s.n. (ISC); montañas de Esquipulas y Alemán, drenaje de Río Alemán, 150 m, Shank & Molina R. 4785 (EAP, US); Rd. to Colonia Yolaina, ca. 1.3 km SE of intersection with rd. between Nueva Guinea and Colonia Verdun, 11°40'N, 84°26'W, 180200 m, 11-12 Feb 1978, Stevens 6338 (CR, MO, NY, UC); Caño Costa Riquita, 1.8 km SW of Colonía Naciones Unidas, 11°43'N, 84°18'W, 150180 m, 6-7 Nov 1977, Stevens 4964 (CR, NY, UC).
COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Reserva Forestal de Arenal, Río Peñas Blancas, Quebrada Celeste, 10°18'N, 84°42'W, 850 m, Bello 1953 (INB); Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 10°18'N, 84°44', 850900 m, Bello 4555 (INB), Grayum 10199 (MO); W of La Marina, 10°23'N, 84°23'W, 500 m, Burger & Stolze 5047 (CR, F, GH), 19 May 1968, 5067 (BM, F, MO, NY); Parque Rincón de La Vieja, Upala, Puesto Santa María, 10°46'N, 85°18'W, 9001000 m, Herrera Ch. 1595 (AAU, CR, MO, UC, US); Upala, 5 km S de Brasilia, 10°55'N, 85°20'W, 500 m, Herrera Ch. 974 (CR, MO, UC), 1067 (CR, MO); Cantón de Upala, Cordillera de Guanacaste, Bijagua, Upala, Finca Zapote, 10°45'N, 85°04'W, 500 m, Rojas 1271 (INB); Cantón San Carlos, Villa Quesada, 825 m, Smith 1879 (F, US), Scamman 7722 (GH); 2 km N of Bijagua, Rd. to San Miguel, Utley & Utley 3911 (F, MO). Cartago: SE near Turrialba, 3 km NE of La Suiza, Lellinger 1411 (F, US); behind Instuto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas, 600 m, 18 Jul 1967, Mickel 2103 (NY); Chitaría, 550 m, 8 Aug 1982, Moran 2154 (MO); Pejivalle, 600800 m, Skutch 4662 (CR). Guanacaste: E slopes of Volcán Miravalles (Cerro La Giganta), 10°42'N, 85°7'W, 800 m, Burger & Gentry 9120 (CR, F, MO); Cantón de Liberia, Parque Nacional de Guanacaste, Estación Cacao, 10°55'N, 85°28'W, 1100 m, Chavarría 489 (INB), Rojas 3070 (INB); Parque Nacional Rincón de La Vieja, SE slopes of Volcán Santa María, 10°47'N, 85°18'W, 9001200 m, Davidse et al. 23340 (CR, MO, UC); along Río Las Flores, between Quebrada Desprendimiento and Quebrada Sanguijuela, 10°40'N, 85°04.5'W, Grayum et al. 4885 (CR, MO, UC); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, Fila Orosilito, 11°02'N, 85°25.3'W, 1000 m, Hammel 17468 (F, INB, MO), Rojas 2975 (INB); Rincón de la Vieja National Park, S and E slopes of ridge SE of Quebrada Zopilote, SE slope of Volcán Santa María, 10°46.5'N, 85°18'W, 8501000 m, 24 Jan 1986, A. R. Smith et al. 1913 (AAU, CR, MO, NY, UC). GuanacasteAlajuela: slopes of Miravalles, above Bijagua, 1500 m, Gómez et al. 19181 (MO, U); Laguna Cofey, Ocampo S. 931 (CR). Heredia: Braulio Carillo National Park, 35 m, Barcock A42 (K), A57 (K); betwen Río Peje and Río Sardinalito, Atlantic slope of Volcán Barva, 10°18.5'N, 84°0.4'W, 480520 m, Grayum 6917 (CR, MO, UC); La Selva Field Station, 100 m, Burger & Stolze 5829 (CR, F, GH), Chacón G. 421 (F), 18 Feb 1981, Folsom 9011 (NY), Hammel 11135 (MO), Lorence 1730 (MO), 16 Aug 1967, Mickel 3522 (NY); Cerro Sardinal, 22.5 km N of Chilamate de Sarapiquí, 10°28'N, 84°04'W, 80160 m, A. R. Smith 1787 (CR, MO, UC). Limón: Cantón de Pococí, Llanuras de Tortuguero, Cuatro Esquinas, 10°30'N, 83°47'W, 40 m, Araya 860 (INB), Rojas 1343 (INB); Cantón de Talamanca, 9°26'10''N, 83°03'00' W, 300 m, Bittner 1354 (M); Finca Hundrisser, Brade 267 (BM), Aug 1909, 306 (B, M, NY, UC); 3.5 airline km S of Islas Buena Vista in the Río Colorado, 16 airline km SW of Barra del Colorado, 10°39'N, 83°40'40'W, 10120 m, Davidse & Herrera Ch. 31009 (MO), 31130 (MO), 31183 (CR, MO); riberas del Toro Amarillo, Guápiles, 75200 m, Gómez 6784 (CR); Las Brisas de Pacuarito, Siquirres, 300 m, Gómez et al. 23412 (MO, UC); 3 km SW of Suretka, 70 m, Moran 3110 (MO); Cantón de Talamanca, Fila de Matama, La Bomba, Asunción, Aguas arriba de Río Banano, 9°54'N, 83°12'W, 400 m, Rodíguez 560 (INB); La Concepción, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 250 m, Feb 1896, J. D. Smith 6942 (GH, K, NY, US), 6943 (B, BM, F, M, US); Cerro Coronel, E of Río Zapote, 10°40'N, 83°40'W, 10100 m, Stevens 23969 (CR, MO), 24241 (MO). Puntarenas: near airfield, 4 km W of Rincón de Osa, 8°42'N, 83°31'W, Burger & Stolze 5474 (F); 10 miles SE of Rincón de Osa, 80 m, Evans & Bowers 2801 (MO, U), 2802 (MO, U); ridge between Río Riyito (valley of Laguna Chocuaco) and Quebrada Banegas, S of Cerro Rancho Quemado, 7 km W of Rincón de Osa, 8°41'N, 83°32.5'W, 200300 m, 26 May 1986, Grayum et al. 7564 (CR, MO, NY, UC); 9.5 km W of Rincón de Osa, 600 m, 16 Jul 1967, Mickel 2727 (NY, UC), 17 Jul 1967, 2752 (NY); 15 km S of Tropical Science Center field station and S of Rincón de Osa, 150 m, 18 Jul 1967, Mickel 2789 (US), 2791 (NY), 18 Jul 1967, 2792 (NY); Golfo Dulce and Río Térraba, 30 m, Skutch 5259 (EAP, US). San José: Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 600700 m, Chacón G. 317 (MO).
PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Rd. from Fortuna Dam to Chiriquí Grande, 3 mi from continental divide, 8°47'N, 82°11'W, 650 m, 22 Sep 1984, Churchill & Churchill 6218 (NY); Almirante, Jan-Mar 1928, Cooper 208 (F); Cerro Bracha, Correa A. et al. 3099 (MO); Boca Chica, Correa A. et al. 3593 (MO); rd. between Fortuna and Chiriquí Grande, 8.5 mi N of bridge over Fortuna Lake, 8°46'N, 82°14'W, 590 m, Croat & Grayum 60164 (MO, UC), 5.3 mi N of bridge, 910 m, Croat & Grayum 60473 (MO); 13.2 Rd. mi W of Chriquí Grande, 8°50'N, 82°15'W, 300 m, McPherson 6742 (MO). Canal Zone: 12 mi S of Colón on Río Providencia, Burch 3991 (MO); Barro Colorado Island, Croat 5193 (MO), 5316 (MO), 5475 (MO), 5778 (MO), 6527 (MO), 10216 (MO), 16512 (MO); W arm of Quebrada Salamanca, 70 m, 16 Dec 1934, Dodge et al. 16985 (K, MO, NY), Dodge & Allen 1763 (MO); near Frijoles, Killip 2814 (US), 2910 (EAP, US); N of Frijoles, Standley 27438 (MO, US); Río Indio de Gatún, 14 Feb 1911, Maxon 4824 (GH, MO, US); Parque Nacional Soberanía, camino del Oleoducto, Vásquez 142 (MO). Coclé: El Valle de Antón, 1000 m, Alston 8693 (BM, U, US); rd. to Coclosito, 12 mi from Llano Grande, 8°47N, 80°28'W, 200 m, Churchill et al. 3979 (MO), 4005 (MO); Alto Calvario, 600800 m, Folsom 3145 (MO), 3261 (CR, MO); El Copé, 8°45'N, 80°35'W, Hamilton & Davidse 2698 (MO, UC); El Valle de Antón, along Río Indio trail, 500700 m, Hunter & Allen 331 (G, MO). Colón: Distr. Porto Bello, stream on N slope of Río Gatún, 700 m, Antonio 3798 (MO); Santa Rita Ridge, 9°24'N, 79°39'W, 2022 km from Pan-American Hwy., 300 m, Sytsma 1310 (CR, MO), 10 mi from Hwy., Burch 4821 (MO). Darién: Río Chico, near Yaviza, Burch 1117 (MO); 3 mi E of Santa Fé, Burch 1967 (MO); Parque Nacional Darién, Cerro Pirre base camp, E side of Río Paracida, 8°0'N, 77°48'W, 080 m, Croat 68976 (MO, UC); trail between Paya and Palo de las Letras, Stern et al. 193 (GH, MO, US); S of Garachiné near Pacific coast above Casa Vieja, W flank of Serranía Sapo, 7°58'N, 78°23'W, 300500 m, Hensold 1103 (F, MO); W slope of Serranía de Pirre, below Cana mine, along old rd. to Boca de Cupe, 7°45'N, 77°40'W, 500 m, McPherson 12263C (MO, UC). Panamá: Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, 8°40'N, 79°55'W, 800900 m, Correa A. & Montenegro 9677 (US); 2.4 mi beyond Cerro Jefe on rd. to Altos de Pacora, 8001000 m, Croat 22654 (MO); Río Pirre, 25 mi above El Real, Duke 5094 (GH, MO); 8.2 mi from the Pan-American Hwy. on the El Llano-Cartí rd., 9°14'N, 79°00'W, 450 m, Knapp 5927 (MO), Knapp & Huft 4429 (MO), Nee 10514 (MO); Distr. Capira, Cerro Campana, 8°41'N, 79°54'W, 900 m, van der Werff & Herrera Ch. 6181 (MO, UC), Croat 22822 (MO); Altos de Pacora, 500700 m, Windisch 2173 (AAU). San Blas: El Llano-Cartí rd., Km 19.1, 9°19'N, 78°55'W, 350 m, de Nevers et al. 6155 (MO, UC); Cerro Brewster, 9°18'N, 79°16'W, 850 m, de Nevers et al. 5424 (MO); Nusagandi, 9°18'N, 78°59'W, 350 m, Paredes 745 (AAU). Veraguas: 15.6 km NW of Santa Fé, Croat 27650 (MO); beyond Tres Brazos River, 11 km beyond Santa Fé, Croat 25631 (MO); above Río Primero Brazo 5 mi NW of Santa Fé, Liesner 814 (MO); Cerro Tute, 2 km N of Santa Fé, 8°31'N, 81°04'W, 9001000 m, 5 Feb 1988, Moran 4024 (MO); NW of Santa Fé, 450550 m, Mori & Kallunki 3839 (MO).
COLOMBIA . Antioquia: Río León, Bendix site, Cain 75 (US); near Guapá, 53 km S of Turbo, 50 m, Haught 4682 (US); W of Quebrada Mercedes, E of Turbo, 200 m, Haught 4971 ( S , US ). Chocó: near Río Truando, 35 km above airport at Teresita, 18 May 1967, Duke 11179 (1) (NY); 8 km from Puerto Mutis (Bahía Solano) along the rd. to El Valle, 50 m, Lellinger & de la Sota 129 (US); Río Mutatá, 3 km above its junction with the Río El Valle, NW of Alto de Buey, 850 m, Lellinger & de la Sota 146 (US), 191 (US); 0.52.5 km N of the INDERENA camp on the Río Truando near Caserío La Terestia, 50100 m, Lellinger & de la Sota 530 (CR, US); Loma del Cuchillo, 15 km WSW of Chigorodó, 150400 m, Lellinger & de la Sota 641 (US); along the Río Monomacho, tributary of the Río Guale, Serranía de Darién, 810 km W of Acandí, 100150 m, Lellinger & de la Sota 679 (US). Santander : Puerto Berrio, between Carare and Magdalena Rivers , 100700 m, Haught 1650 (US).