PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS OF CENTRAL FRENCH GUIANA
John D. Mitchell
Institute of Systematic Botany
The New York Botanical Garden
Bronx, New York 10458-5126
This list is a compilation of both published observations and species
observed on expeditions led by Scott Mori. The names used in this list
follow the taxonomy of Hoyo et al. (1999) and Ridgely and Tudor (1989,
1994).
The area covered by this inventory corresponds to the area of the Guide
to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana (Mori et al., 1997).
Linked superscripts refer to references where documentation of the species’
presence in central French Guiana may be found. See the end of the entries
in the Literature Cited section for the reference linked to the superscript
or click on the link.
Illustrations of all species may be found in A Guide to the Birds
of Venezuela except as noted at the end of checklist.
At the time of the compilation of this list (November, 1999), there
are 286 species that we know to occur in central French Guiana. We anticipate
the addition of many additional species, especially of owls, woodcreepers,
and furnariids, with more thorough and professional ornithological exploration
of Central French Guiana.
GO TO CHECKLIST
PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS
OF CENTRAL FRENCH GUIANA
|
TINAMOUS (TINAMIDAE)
Great Tinamou1 (Tinamus major)
Variegated Tinamou1 (Crypturellus
variegatus) |
HERONS (ARDEIDAE)
Rufescent Tiger Heron1Tigrisoma
lineatum |
AMERICAN VULTURES (CATHARTIDAE)
King Vulture2 (Sarcoramphus
papa)
Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus)
Grater Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes melambrotus) |
HAWKS, EAGLES, (ACCIPITRIDAE)
American Swallow-tailed Kite1, 2
(Elanoides forficatus)
Gray-headed Kite1 (Leptodon
cayanensis)
Rufous-thighed Kite2 (Harpagus
diodon)
Double-toothed Kite2 (H.
bidentatus)
Plumbeous Kite1, 2
(Ictinia plumbea
Bicolored Hawk2 (Accipiter
bicolor)
Tiny Hawk2 (A. superciliosus)
Broad-winged Hawk2 (Buteo
platypterus)
Gray Hawk2 (B. nitidus)
White Hawk1, 2
(Leucopternus alicollis)
Black-faced Hawk (L. melanops)
Great Black Hawk2 (Buteogallus
urubutinga)
Crested Eagle2 (Morphnus
guianensis)
Harpy Eagle1 (Harpia harpyja)
Black-and-white Eagle2 (Spizastur
melanoleucus)
Ornate Hawk Eagle2 (Spizaetus
ornatus)
Black Hawk Eagle2 (S.
tyrannus)
Crane Hawk2 (Geranospiza
caerulescens) |
FALCONS (FALCONIDAE)
Slaty-backed Forest-falcon2
(Micrastur mirandollei)
Barred Forest-falcon2 (M.
ruficollis)
Lined Forest-falcon2 (M.
gilvicollis)
Collared Forest-falcon2 (M.
semitorquatus)
Red-throated Caracara1, 2
(Daptrius americanus)
Bat Falcon (Falco rufigularis)
|
GUANS, CURASSOWS (CRACIDAE)
Little Chachalaca1(Ortalis
motmot)
Marail Guan1 (Penelope marail)
Black Curassow (Crax alector)
|
QUAILS, PHEASANTS (PHASIANIDAE)
Marbled Wood-quail (Odontophorus gujanensis)
|
RAILS (RALLIDAE)
Grey-necked Wood Rail (Aramides cajanea)
Russet-crowned Crake (Annrolimnas viridis). J. Ingels, pers.
comm., 2001
|
TRUMPETERS (PSOPHIIDAE)
Gray-winged Trumpeter1 (Psophia
crepitans)
|
SANDPIPERS (SCOLOPACIDAE)
Solitary Sandpiper1 (Tringa
solitaria)
|
PIGEONS, DOVES (COLUMBIDAE)
Pale-vented Pigeon (Columba cayenensis)
Ruddy Pigeon (C. subvinacea)
Plumbeous Pigeon (C. plumbea)
Ruddy Ground Dove1 (Columbina
talpacoti)
Gray-fronted Dove1 (Leptotila
rufaxilla)
White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi). J. Ingels, pers. comm.,
2001
Ruddy Quail Dove (Geotrygon montana). J. Ingels, pers. comm.,
2001
|
PARROTS (PSITTACIDAE)
Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao)
Red-and-green Macaw1 (A. chloroptera)
Red-shouldered Macaw (A. nobilis). J. Ingels, pers. comm., 2001
White-eyed Parakeet1 (Aratinga
leucophthalmus)
Painted Parakeet1 (Pyrrhura
picta)
Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet (Touit purpurata)
Caica Parrot (Pionopsitta caica)
Blue-headed Parrot1 (Pionus
menstruus)
Dusky Parrot1 (P. fuscus)
Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa)
Orange-winged Parrot (A. amazonica). J. Ingels, pers. comm.,
2001
Red-fan Parrot1 (Deroptyus
acciptrinus)
|
CUCKOOS, ANIS (CUCULIDAE)
Squirrel Cuckoo1(Piaya cayana)
Little Cuckoo (Piaya minuta). J. Ingels, pers. comm., 2001
Smooth-billed Ani1 (Crotophaga
ani)
|
OWLS (STRIGIDAE)
Spectacled Owl1 (Pulsatrix
perspicillata)
|
POTOOS (NYCTIBIIDAE)
Rufous Potoo (Nyctibus bracteatus). N. Cleere & J. Ingels,
pers. comm., 2001
|
NIGHTJARS (CAPRIMULGIDAE)
Semi-collared (Short-tailed) Nighthawk (Lurocallis semitorquatus).
N. Cleere & J. Ingels,
pers. comm., 2001
Panraque (Nyctidromus albicollis). J. Ingels, pers. comm., 2001.
Lesser Nighthawk1 (Chordeiles
acutipennis)
Blackish Nightjar1 (Caprimulgus
nigrescens)
White-tailed Nightjar6 (C.
cayennensis)
Cayenne Nightjar6, 7
(C. maculosus)
|
SWIFTS (APODIDAE)
Band-rumped Swift1 (Chaetura
spinicauda)
Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift (Panyptila cayennensis)
|
HUMMINGBIRDS (TROCHILIDAE)
Rufous-breasted (Hairy) Hermit (Glaucis hirsuta)
Eastern Long-tailed Hermit1 (Phaethornis
superciliosus)
Great-billed Hermit1 (P. malaris)
Reddish Hermit (P. ruber)
Little Hermit (P. longuemareus)
Gray-breasted Sabrewing1 (Campylopterus
largipennis)
White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora)
Black-throated Mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis)
Tufted Coquette (Lophornis ornatus)
Racket-tailed Coquette (Discosura longicauda)
Blue-chinned Sapphire1 (Chlorostilbon
notatus)
Fork-tailed Woodnymph1 (Thalurania
furcata)
White-chinned Sapphire (Hylocharis cyanus)
Crimson Topaz (Topaza pella)
Black-eared Fairy1 (Heliothrix
aurita)
|
KINGFISHERS (ALCEDINIDAE)
Green-and-rufous Kingfisher (Chloroceryle inda)
|
TROGONS (TROGONIDAE)
Black-tailed Trogon1 (Trogon
melanurus)
White-tailed Trogon1 (T. viridis)
Collared Trogon (T. collaris)
Black-throated Trogon1 (T.
rufus)
Violaceous Trogon1 (T. violaceus)
|
MOTMOTS (MOMOTIDAE)
Blue-crowned Motmot1 (Momotus
momota)
|
JACAMARS (GALBULIDAE)
Yellow-billed Jacamar1 (Galbula
albirostris)
Paradise Jacamar1 (G. dea)
Great Jacamar1 (Jacamerops
aurea)
|
PUFFBIRDS (BUCCONIDAE)
White-necked Puffbird1 (Notharchus
macrorhynchus)
Pied Ruffbird (N. tectus)
Spotted Puffbird1 (Bucco tamatia)
White-chested Puffbird1 (Malacoptila
fusca)
Black Nunbird1 (Monasa atra)
Swallowwing (Chelidoptera tenebrosa)
|
BARBETS (CAPTIONIDAE)
Black-spotted Barbet1 (Capito
niger)
|
TOUCANS (RAMPHASTIDAE)
Black-necked Aracari1 (Pteroglossus
aracari)
Green Aracari1 (P. viridis)
Guianan Toucanet1 (Selenidera
culik)
Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus)
Red-billed Toucan1 (R. tucanus)
|
WOODPECKERS (PICIDAE)
Golden-spangled Piculet (Picumnus exilis)
Yellow-throated Woodpecker1 (Piculus
flavigula)
Golden-green Woodpecker (Piculus chrysochloros), J. Ingels,
pers. comm., 2001
Chestnut Woodpecker1 (Celeus
elegans)
Ringed Woodpecker (C. torquatus)
Lineated Woodpecker1 (Dryocopus
lineatus)
Yellow-tufted Woodpecker1 (Melanerpes
cruentatus)
Little Woodpecker (Veniliornis passerinus)
Golden-collared Woodpecker (V. cassini)
Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucus)
Red-necked Woodpecker1 (C.
rubricollis)
|
WOODCREEPERS (DENDROCOLAPTIDAE)
Plain-brown Woodcreeper1 (Dendrocincla
fuliginosa)
White-chinned Woodcreeper1 (D.
merula)
Olivaceous Woodcreeper (Sittasomus griseicapillus), J. Ingels,
pers. comm., 2001
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper1 (Glyphorynchus
spirurus)
Black-banded Woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes picumnus)
Long-billed Woodcreeper6 (Nasica
longirostris)
Barred Woodcreeper1 (D. certhia)
Chestnut-rumped Woodcreeper1
(Xiphorhynchus pardalotus)
Buff-throated Woodcreeper1 (X.
guttatus)
Curve-billed Scythebill1 (Campylorhamphus
procurvoides)
|
OVENBIRDS ETC. (FURNARIIDAE)
Cabanis’ Spinetail1, 3
(Synallaxis cabanisi)
Plain-crowned Spinetail1 (S.
gujanensis)
Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner1
(Philydor ruficaudatus)
Rufous-rumped Foilage-gleaner1
(P. erythrocercus)
Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner1
(Automolus infuscatus)
Ruddy Foliage-gleaner1 (A.
rubiginosus)
Buff-throated Foliage-gleanerA. ochrolaemus)
Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner1
(A. rufipileatus)
Plain Xenops1 (Xenops minutus)
Short-billed Leafscraper1 [Leaftosser]
(Sclerurus rufigularis)
Black-tailed Leafscraper (Sclerurus caudacutus), J. Ingels,
pers. comm., 2001
|
ANTBIRDS (FORMICARIIDAE)
Fasciated Antshrike1 (Cimbilaimus
lineatus)
Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus)
Blackish-gray Antshrike6 (T.
nigrocinereus)
Mouse-colored Antshrike1 (T.
murinus)
Amazonian Antshrike (T. amazonicus)
Dusky-throated Antshrike1 (Thamnomanes
ardesiacus)
Cinereous Antshrike1 (T. caesius)
Pygmy Antwren (Myrmotherula brachyura)
Streaked Antwren (M. surinamensis)
Brown-bellied Antwren1 (M.
gutturalis)
White-flanked Antwren1 (M.
axillaris)
Long-winged Antwren1 (M. longipennis)
Gray Antwren1 (M. menetriesii)
Dot-winged Antwren1 (Microrhopias
quixensis)
Dusky Antbird1 (Cercomacra
tyrannina)
Blackish Antbird6 (C. nigrescens)
Warbling Antbird1 (Hypocnemis
cantator)
Black-headed Antbird1 (Percnostola
rufifrons)
Spot-winged Antbird (Schistocichla leucostigma)
Ferruginous-backed Antbird1 (Myrmeciza
ferruginea)
Black-throated Antbird1 (M.
atrothorax)
White-plumed Antbird1 (Pithys
albifrons)
Rufous-throated Antbird1 (Gymnopithys
rufigula)
Spot-backed Antbird (Hylophylax naevia)
Scale-backed Antbird1 (H.
poecilonota)
Rufous-capped Antthrush1 (Formicarius
colma)
Black-faced Antthrush1 (F.
analis)
Spotted antpitta1 (Hylopezus
macularius)
Thrush-like Antipitta4
(Myrmothera campanisoma)
|
GNATEATERS (CONOPHAGIDAE)
Chestnut-belted Gnateater1 (Conopophaga
aurita)
|
COTINGAS (COTINGIDAE)
Spangled Cotinga1 (Cotinga
cayana)
Purple-breasted Cotinga (C. cotinga)
Pompadour Cotinga (Xipholena punicea)
Cinereous Mourner1 (Laniocera
hypopyrrha)
Screaming Piha1, 5
(Lipaugus vociferans)
White Bellbird6 (Procnias alba)
Crimson Fruitcrow5 (Haematoderus
militaris)
Purple-throated Fruitcrow1 (Querula
purpurata)
Capuchinbird (Calfbird)1 (Perissocephalus
tricolor)
Guianan Red-cotinga5 (Phoenicircus
carnifex)
Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock6 (Rupicola
rupicola
|
MANAKINS (PIPRIDAE)
Golden-headed Manakin1 (Pipra
erythrocephala)
White-crowned Manakin1 (P.
pipra)
White-fronted Manakin1 (P.
serena)
White-bearded Manakin1 (Manacus
manacus)
Tiny Tyrant Manakin1 (Tyranneutes
virescens)
Wing-barred Manakin1 [Piprites]
(Piprites chloris)
Thrush-like Manakin1 (Schiffornis
turdinus)
|
TYRANT FLYCATCHERS (TYRANNIDAE)
Long-tailed Tyrant1 (Colonia
colonus)
Fork-tailed Flycatcher1 (Tyrannus
[Muscivora] tyrannus)
Tropical Kingbird1 (T. melancholicus)
Black-capped Becard (Pachyramphus marginatus)
Pink-throated Becard (Platypsaris minor)
Black-tailed Tityra1 (Tityra
cayana)
Masked Tityra (T. semifasciata)
Variegated Flycatcher1 (Empidonomus
varius)
Piratic Flycatcher1 (Legatus
leucophaius)
Yellow-throated Flycatcher1 (Conopias
parva)
White-ringed Flycatcher (Conopias albovittata), J. Ingels, pers.
comm., 2001
Boat-billed flycatcher1 (Megarhynchus
pitangua)
Rusty-margined flycatcher1 (Myiozetes
cayanensis)
Great Kiskadee1 (Pitangus
sulphuratus)
Lesser Kiskadee (Philohydor lictor)
Bright-rumped Attila1 (Attila
spadiceus)
Grayish Mourner1 (Rhytipterna
simplex)
Sirystes (Sirystes sibilator)
Short-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus ferox)
Dusky-capped Flycatcher (Myriarchus tuberculifer), J. Ingels,
pers. comm., 2001
White-throated Peewee6 (Contopus
albogularis)
Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher1 (Terenotriccus
erythrurus)
Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher (Myiobius barbatus)
Royal Flycatcher1 (Onychorhynchus
coronatus)
White-crested Spadebill1 (Platyrinchus
platyrhynchos)
Golden-crowned Spadebill (P. coronatus)
Yellow-margined Flycatcher1 (Tolmomyias
assimilis)
Gray-crowned Flycatcher1 (T.
poliocephalus)
Olivaceous Flatbill (Rhynchocyclus olivaceus)
Rufous-tailed Flatbill1 (Ramphotrigon
ruficauda)
Common Tody-flycatcher1 (Todirostrum
cinereum)
White-eyed Tody-tyrant1 (Hemitriccus
(Idioptilon) zosterops)
Olive-green Tyrannulet1 (Phylloscartes
virescens)
Yellow-bellied Elaenia1 (Elaenia
flavogaster)
Forest Elaenia1 (Myiopagis
gaimardii)
McConnell’s Flycatcher1 (Mionectes
macconnellii)
Ringed Antpipit1 (Corythopis
torquata)
|
SWALLOWS (HIRUNIDINDAE)
Gray-breasted Martin (Progne chalybea)
White-banded Swallow1 (Atticora
fasciata)
White-thighed Swallow1 (Neochelidon
tibialis)
Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)
|
WRENS (TROGLODYTIDAE)
Coraya Wren (Thryothorus coraya)
Wing-banded Wren (Microcerculus bambla)
Musician Wren1 (Cyphorhinus
arada)
|
THRUSHES (TURDIDAE)
Cocoa Thrush1 (Turdus fumigatus)
White-necked Thrush1 (T. albicollis)
|
OLDWORLD WARBLERS (SULVIIDAE)
Collared Gnatwren1 (Microbates
collaris)
Tropical Gnatcatcher (Polioptila plumbea)
Guianan Gnatcatcher (P. guianensis) |
VIREOS (VIREONIDAE)
Rufous-browed Peppershrike1 (Cyclarhis
gujanensis)
Slaty-capped Shrike-vireo1 (Vireolanius
leucotis)
Red-eyed Vireo1 (Vireo olivaceus)
Black-whiskered Vireo1 (V.
altiloguus)
Ashy-headed Greenlet (Hylophilus pectoralis)
Tawny-crowned Greenlet1 (H.
ochraceiceps)
|
EMBERIZIDAE (ICTERINAE) AMERICAN ORIOLES, BLACKBIRDS
Giant Cowbird1 (Scaphidura
oryzivora)
Crested Oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus)
Green Oropendola1 (P. viridis)
Yellow-rumped Cacique1 (Cacicus
cela)
Red-rumped Cacique1 (C. haemorrhous)
Yellow Oriole1 (Icterus nigrogularis)
Epaulet Oriole (Icterus cayanensis), J. Ingels, pers. comm.,
2001
|
AMERICAN WARBLERS (PARULINAE)
River Warbler1 (Basileuterus
rivularis)
|
HONEYCREEPERS (COEREBINAE)
Bananaquit1 (Coereba flaveola)
Bicolored Conebill1 (Conirostrum
bicolor)
Purple Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes caeruleus)
Red-legged Honeycreeper1 (C.
cyaneus)
Green Honeycreeper1 (Cholorophanes
spiza)
Blue Dacnis1 (Dacnis cayana)
Black-faced Dacnis1 (D. lineata)
|
TANAGERS (THRAUPINAE)
Golden-bellied Euphonia1 [White-lored]
(E. chrysopasta)
Swallow Tanager1 (Tersina
viridis)
Opal-rumped Tanager (Tangara velia)
Paradise Tanager1 (T. chilensis)
Spotted Tanager1 (T. punctata)
Turquoise Tanager1 (T. mexicana)
Bay-headed Tanager1 (T. gyrola)
Blue-gray Tanager1 (Thraupis
episcopus)
Palm Tanager (T. palmarum)
Silver-beaked Tanager1 (Ramphocelus
carbo)
Fulvous Shrike-tanager1 (Lanio
fulvus)
Blue-backed tanager (Cyanicterus cyanicterus)
White-lined Tanager (Tachyphonus rufus)
Flame-crested Tanager1 (T.
cristatus)
Fulvous-crested Tanager (T. surinamus)
White-shouldered Tanager (T. luctuosus)
Guira Tanager1 (Hemithraupis
guira)
Red-billed Pied Tanager (Lamprospiza melanoleuca)
|
FINCHES (EMBERIZINAE)
Blue-black Grosbeak (Cyanocompsa cyanoides)
Buff-throated Saltator1 (Saltator
maximus)
Grayish Saltator (S. caerulescens)
Green (Yellow-green) Grosbeak (Caryothraustes canadensis)
Slate-colored Grosbeak (Pitylus grossus)
Indigo Bunting1 (Passerina
cyanea)
Blue-black Grassquit1 (Volatinia
jacarina)
Lined Seedeater (Sporophila lineola)
Chestnut-bellied Seedeater1 (S.
castaneiventris)
Lesser Seed-finch (Oryzoborus angolensis)
Pectoral Sparrow1 (Arremon
taciturnus)
|
BIRDS NOT ILLUSTRATED IN A GUIDE TO THE BIRDS OF VENEZULA
AND WHERE ILLUSTRATIONS MAY BE FOUND
Rufous-thighed Kite2
Little Chachalaca2,3
Marail Guan2
Plumbeous Pigeon2
Great-billed Hermit3, 9
Black Nunbird2,3
Cabinis’ Spinetail3, 10
Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner2
Ruddy Foilage Gleaner3,10
Short-billed Leaftosser (Leafscraper)2, 10
Dot-winged Antwren2,3,10
Ferruginous-backed Antbird3,10
Chestnut-belted Gnateater2,4,10 |
Crimson Fruitcrow2,5,10
Short-crested Flycatcher2,3,10
White-throated Peewee7
Yellow-margined Flycatcher2
White-eyed Tody-tyrant2
Olive-green Tyrannulet2
McConnell’s Flycatcher11
Black-whiskered Vireo6
Ashy-headed Greenlet2,8
Red-rumped Cacique2
Red-billed Pied Tanager2,8
Indigo Bunting6
|
1Schauenesee & Phelps, Jr. 1978; 2Haverschmidt,
1968; 3Dunning, 1987; 4Dick et al., 1984; 5Snow,
1982; 6North American bird field guides; 7no known
published illustration; 8Ridgely and Tudor, 1989; 9Hoyo
et al., 1999; 10Ridgely & Tudor, 1994; 11Tostain
et al., 1992.
LITERATURE CITED
Superscripts following a reference refer to the superscripts following
the common names of the birds in the list. This indicates the source which
documents the occurrence of a species in central French Guiana.
Cleere, N. 1998. Nightjars. A guide to nightjars and related
night birds. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
Dick, J. A., W. B. McGillivray, and D.
J. Brooks. 1984. Birds from Saül, French Guiana. The Wilson Bulletin
96(3): 347-3651.
Dunning, J.S. 1987. South American birds, a photographic guide
to their identification. Harrowood Books, Newtown Square, Pa.
Haverschmidt, F. 1968. Birds of Surinam. Livingston Publishing
Co., Wynnewood, Pa.
Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott and J. Sargatal (editors). 1999. Handbook
of the birds of the world. Volume 5. Barn owls to hummingbirds. Lynx Editions.
Mori, S. A., G. Cremers, C. Gracie, J.-J. de Granville, M. Hoff,
& J. D. Mitchell. 1997. Guide to the vascular plants of central
French Guiana. Part 1. Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons.
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 76(1): 1-422.
Ridgely, R.S. and G. Tudor. 1989. The birds of South America.
Volume 1. The oscine passerines. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Ridgely, R. S. & G. Tudor. 1994. The birds of South America.
Volume II. The suboscine passerines. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Rodner, C., M. Lentino & R. Restall. 2000. Checklist of the
Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
Schauenesee, R.M. de and W. H. Phelps, Jr. 1978. A Guide to the
birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
Snow, D. 1982. The Cotingas. British Museum
(Natural History). Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell
University Press, Ithaca, NY5.
Tostain, O. and J.-L.
Dujardin. 1988. Nesting of the wing-banded antbird and the thrush-like
Antpitta in French Guiana. The Condor 90: 236-2394.
Tostain, O, J.-L. Jardin, Ch. Érard
& J.-M. Thiollay. 1992. Oiseaux de Guyane. Societé d'Études
Ornithologiques. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire
d'Écologie Générale, Brunoy, France6.
Thiollay, J. M. 1989. Area requirements
for the conservation of rain forest raptors and gamebirds in French Guiana.
Conservation Biology 3(2): 128-1372.
Vaurie, C. 1980. Taxonomy and Geographical
Distribution of the Furnariidae (Aves, Passeriformes). Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History 166(1): 1-3573.
Wege, D. C. & A. J. Long. 1995.
Key areas for threatened birds in the Neotropics. Bird Life International,
Cambridge, U.K.7
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