Graphidaceae of Central French Guiana: Key to Transversely Septate-spored Species

Graphidaceae of Central French Guiana

Keys to Collections Made By Richard C. Harris and William R. Buck
1990-1997

Graphis, Phaeographis, Sarcographa
Working key to the transversely septate-spored Graphidaceae

1. Spores pigmented (brown, sometimes yellowish brown) at maturity, sometimes lightly so	2
1b. Spores hyaline	7
2. Spores 4-locular	3
2b. Spores more than 4 locular	5
3. Ascomata enclosed in stroma with ± raised margins (Sarcographa); spores ca. 15x9µ	4
3b. Ascomata without raised stroma, exciple not carbonized; P+. Salazinic chemotype, sometimes with only brownish, moridbund spores	Graphis cf. grammatis Fée [B25349]
4. Hymenium not inspersed, P-, not carbonized	Sarcographa sp.[H 33372]
4b. Hymenium inspersed, P+ psoromic (stroma), K+ yellow; disks ± round-elliptical, small, imbedded in white loose stromatic tissue	Sarcographa labyrinthica Ach. [B 32956]
5. Disks ± immersed in raised white stromata and lined with lateral fissures; spores 6 locular	6
5b. Disks sessile with ± thin to thick thalline margin but without stroma; 8-locular spores; carbonized below	Phaeographis exaltata [B 32936]
6. Uncarbonized, K+ norstictic, not inspersed	Sarcographa intricans (Nyl.) Müll-Arg. [B33238]
6b. Carbonized throughout, inspersed, P+ stictic	Sarcographa sp.[H 33911]
7. Stromatic tissue (well-differentiated loosely-woven, whitish, and raised) surrounding aggregated, interwoven lirellae; P+ stictic	Graphis cf. sphaerosporella [H33821]
7b. Stromatic tissue absent, but puffs of loose tissue about individual lirellae or groups of short, not-intertwined lirellae may be present	8
8. Spores 4-locular	9
8b. Spores 6- many locular	15
9. Exciple not carbonized or wanting, spores often I- or I+ light smoky violet	10
9b. Exciple carbonized at least in part, sometimes only late in development and discontinuously along fissures; spores usually < 15µ long	20
10. Thallus bluish-green, ecorticate and finely encrusted, ascomata immersed, margins farinose, not much raised, disk ± exposed discontinuously in elliptical patches; hymenium ± darkened at tips of labia only	Graphis koreaiensis Sipman [B 25382]
10b. Not as above, disks fissurine or immersed, not carbonized (§ Fissurina)	11
11. Ascomata simple or ?aggregated, imbedded in puffed white tissue	14
11b. Ascomata not pseudostromatic or puffed	12
12. Disk exposed throughout, gray, long, sinuous and branched; thallus glossy and flaking; hypothallus white, broad	Graphis c.f. sphaerosporella Nyl. [H 34001]
12b. Disk at most barely exposed (narrowly gaping); thallus glossy, ascomata concolorous with paler labia	13
13. Thallus glossy greenish	Graphis dumastii (Fée) Sprengl. [B 33937]
13b. Thallus sordid yellowish or grayish, without greenish tones	Graphis ? homichlodes Redgr.[H 33859]
14. Aggregated in puffed white pseudostromata, thallus very thin, dark green; no substances	Graphis sp.[H 33702]
14b. Ascomata simple, thallus grayish	Graphis triticea Nyl. [H 33134]
15. Spores 1/ascus, > 100µ long, ascomata sessile	Graphis cinerea Fée [H 34144]
15b. Spores mostly 8/ascus, sometimes 2-4	16
16. Lirellae brownish with exposed disk; P-; exciple not carbonized but brownish at labia margins	31
16b. Lirellae black or pale, with or without thalline margin, striate or not.	40
20. Exciple carbonized in part only	21
20b. Exciple carbonized throughout	23
21. Thalline veil white, C+ red; ascomata short, sessile	Graphis afzellii Ach.[B 33164]
21b. C-	22
22. Exciple carbonized or darkened below only; disk ± broadly exposed and gray pruinose	Graphis cf. sphaerosporella Nyl. [H 34001]
22b. Exciple carbonized discontinuously, mostly above; spores hemiamyloid; thallus glossy; K+ yellow	Graphis sp.[B 33166]
23. Ascomata immersed, long-flexuose; spores I+ blue	Graphis sp. [B 25312b]
23b. Ascomata sessile or emergent, mostly striate, ± naked, P+ psoromic	Graphis cf. leioplaca Müll-Arg. [B 32909]
31. Thallus whitish, disk broadly exposed, mostly short and rounded, UV-; This is Harris’ ‘Graphis anguinoides’ ined	Graphis schizoloma Müll-Arg. [B 25357]
31b. Thallus greenish, disk narrowly exposed, mostly much longer than wide	Graphis cf. glaucocaesia Müll-Arg. [H 33281]
40. P-	41
40b. P+	65
41. Exciple not carbonized or ± wanting	42
41b. Exciple carbonized	45
42. Disk not exposed, exciple not carbonized; spores 10x 35-55 u long, I+ blue, norstictic and stictic acids	Graphis sp.[B 25611a]
42b. Disk ± exposed, no substances	43
43. Exciple wanting; spores 6-8 locular, < 20µ; I -; lirellae narrowly exposed, flexuose and branching	Graphis sp. [H 21887a] [B 33155]
43b. Exciple orangish; spores 14-16 locular	Graphis sp. [H 33375b]
45. Margin distinctly striate or crenate; ascomata sessile	46
45b. Margin not distinctly striate, but sometimes irregular laterally	50
46. Ascomata mostly naked, open below * Spores ca. 16 locular, spores 4x38µ	Graphis striatula (Ach.) Sprengl. [B 18699b]
** Spores 6-7 locular, less than 20µ	Graphis sp. [May 4111b]
46b. Thalline or pigmented veil present	47
47. Carmine-red veil present at least when young; exciple closed below, striate only in age	Graphis miniata Redgr. [B 33383]
47b. Thalline veil thick, concolorous, often covering striae	48
48. Thallus thin, grayish, thinly corticate, veil at base only	Graphis duplicata Ach. [B 33278]
48b. Thallus thick, green, prosoplectenchymatous; veil to apex	Graphis sp. [Buck 33420]
50. Exciple open below, spores 12-14 locular	Graphis sp.[7824] (B 25312c]
50b. Exciple closed below	51
51. Ascomata immersed	Graphis tenuescens Nyl. [H 33375a]
51b. Ascomata ± sessile	56
56. Thalline veil present up to apex of ascomata	57
56b. Ascomata mostly naked	60
57. Thalline veil greenish/whitish	58
57b. Thalline veil carmine red; farinose; exciple often striate in age	Graphis miniata Redgr. [B 33383]
58. Spores 5-10 locular, less than 50µ	59
58b. Spores ca. 20 locular, more than 80µ	Graphis cf. anguilliformis Tayl. [B 32999]
59. Spores > 20µ, ascomata ± immersed	Graphis sp. [Buck 25726]
59b. Spores < 20µ, ascomata ± subsessile to emergent, narrowly exposed, spores 5-6 locular	Graphis sp. [Buck 33018]
60. K+ norstictic, hymenium not inspersed; spores 3.5-8 x 25µ	Graphis ?adpressa Vainio (25467]
60b. K-, hymenium strongly inspersed, spores 12 x 45-50µ	Graphis adpressa Vainio [B 18699a]
65. Lirellae not striate, P+ yellow or orange	66
65b. Lirellae striate	80
66. Exciple carbonized below and continuous	67
66b. Exciple not carbonized below, ascomata fissurine, spores 12-14 locular	Graphis cf. glaucovirens Redgr. [H 33290]
67. P+ yellow norstictic ; spores very thick-walled; thalline margin about equal to exposed carbonized labia; spores I+ blue, 10-14 locular	Graphis turgidula Müll-Arg [B 25432]
67b. P+ orange or orange-red	70
70. K+ orange-red (stictic); spores 8-12 locular; 6-7 x 23-29	Graphis sp. Harris [33844]
70b. K-, protocetraric; spores vermiform, 20-30 locular, > 60µ	Graphis candidata Nyl. [B 25326]
80. Exciple not carbonized continuously below; norstictic acid; spores 14-16 locular, 15 x 55-65µ long w/ large epispore (to 80µ) in KOH	Graphis lumbricina Vainio [B 25461]
80b. Exciple carbonized below, stictic acid	84
84. Ascomata sessile, spores 8-12 locular, I-; thallus matte green or patchily corticate and there slightly shiny; ascomata stout, often up to 5-10 mm, covered in thin green farinose veil and white above	Graphis sp.[H 33844]
84b. Ascomata immersed, stictic + lichexanthone	Graphis sp.[H 34140a]