Bejaria aestuans Linnaeus, Mant. pl. 242.  1771 (as Befaria).  Illustrations:  Clemants (1983), figs. 8A-J and 9A-B.  Type.  Colombia.  Santander:  Road above Río Chicamocha, 60 km NNE of Barbosa, 1700 m, 9 May 1979 (fl), Luteyn et al. 7616 (neotype, NY; isoneotype, COL).  For a discussion of the typification and realignment of Bejaria aestuans see Clemants (1996).  Images:  Flowers 1. Flowers 2. Line-drawing.
    Acunna oblonga Ruiz & Pavón, Syst. veg. fl. peruv. chil. 123.  1798.  Bejaria oblonga (Ruiz & Pavón) Persoon, Syn. pl. 2: 3.  1806 (as Befaria).  Type.  Peru.  Churupallano, 1779, (lectotype: designated by Clemants (1995): MA,  photos NY neg. 11677 & 11677a).

    Acunna lanceolata Ruiz & Pavón, Syst. veg. fl. peruv. chil. 124.  1798.  Bejaria lanceolata (Ruiz & Pavon) G. Don, Gen. hist. 3: 849.  1834.  Type.  Peru.  Huánuco: Pillao, 1787, Ruiz & Pavón s.n. (lectotype, G-BOIS; isolectotype, BM).

    Bejaria glauca Bonpland in Humboldt & Bonpland, Pl. aequinoct. 2: 118, t. 117.  1813 (as Befaria).  Type.  Venezuela.  Distrito Federal:  Silla de Avila, Bonpland 644 (lectotype: designated by Mansfeld & Sleumer (1935), B-W, n.v., photos B neg. 3449, F neg. 18283, IDC Willdenow herb. #9124; isolectotypes: H, P, P (Humboldt & Bonpland), n.v., photo IDC Humboldt & Bonpland herb. 62: V. 2.).

    Bejaria coarctata Bonpland in Humboldt & Bonpland, Pl. aequinoct.  2: 125, t. 121.  1813 (as Befaria).  Bejaria glauca Bonpland var. coarctata (Humboldt & Bonpland) Mansfeld and Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 253.  1935 (as Befaria).  Type.  Peru.  Cajamarca: Páramo de Yanaguanga, 1900-3100 m, Bonpland s.n. (lectotype, designated by Clemants (1995): P (Humboldt & Bonpland herb.), n.v., photo IDC Humboldt & Bonpland herb. 63: VI. 2.;  isolectotypes: B, photo B neg. 4362, B, n.v., destroyed, F neg. 18282, B-W, n.v., photo IDC Willdenow herb. #9126).

    Bejaria mexicana Bentham, Pl. hartw. 15.  1819 (as Befaria).  Type.  México.  Jalisco: Bolaños, 1837, Hartweg 92 (holotype: K, photo MICH neg. 702; isotypes: B, n.v., destroyed, CGE, E, FI, G, G-BOIS, GH, K, L, LD, LE, NY, OXF, P, W, fragment F, photos F neg. 18288, NY type herbarium microfiche #760/B11).

    Bejaria hispida Poeppig & Endlicher, Nov. gen. sp. pl. 1: 24-25.  1836 (as Befaria).  Type.  Peru.  Huánuco:  Cuesta de Carpis, betw. Acomayo and Chinchao, Apr 1831, Poeppig s.n. (lectotype, designated by Mansfeld & Sleumer (1935): W, photo NY neg. 11684; isolectotype: G-BOIS).

    Bejaria laevis Bentham, Pl. hartw.  65.  1840 (as Befaria).  Type.  México.  Oaxaca:  betw. Talea and Totontepec, Jun-Jul 1839, Hartweg 478 (holotype: K, photo NY neg. 11707; isotypes: B, n.v., destroyed, CGE, E, FI, G, G-BOIS, K, L, LD, LE, NY, OXF, P, W, photos F neg. 18286, NY type herbarium microfiche #760/B10).

    Bejaria discolor Bentham, Pl. hartw. 65.  1840 (as Befaria).  Type.  México.  Oaxaca:  Talea, Jul 1839, Hartweg 479 (holotype: K; isotypes: B, n.v., destroyed, CGE, E, FI, G, G-BOIS, K, L, LD, LE, NY, OXF, P, W, fragment F, photos F neg. 28912, NY type herbarium microfiche #760/B6).

    Bejaria glabra Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 9(6): 543.  1842.  Type.  México.  Oaxaca:  Chinantla, nr. Villa Alta, 1060-1970 m, Apr 1840 (fl), Galeotti 1811 (lectotype, designated by Clemants (1995): BR (Martens herb.), photo NY neg. 11689;  isolectotypes: BR, G, K, LE, P, W).

    Bejaria floribunda Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci.  Bruxelles 9(6): 543.  1842.  Type.  México.  Oaxaca:  betw. Villa Alta and Taneze, 1210 m, Nov 1840, Galeotti 1812 (lectotype, designated by Clemants (1995): BR, photo NY neg. 11690; isolectotypes: BR, G, K, LE, NY, P, US, W, photo NY type herbarium microfiche #760/B7).

    Bejaria parviflora Bentham, Pl. hartw. 143.  1845 (as Befaria).  Type.  Ecuador.  Loja:  Mts. nr. Loja, 1842, Hartweg 795 (holotype: K; isotypes: B, n.v., destroyed, BR, CGE, E, FI, G-BOIS, K, LD, LE, NY, OXF, P, W, fragment F ex P, photos F neg. 18289, NY type herbarium microfiche #760/C7).

    Jurgensenia mexicana Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 20(1): 151.  1847.  Type.  México.  Oaxaca:  Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Talea etc., 1843-1844, Jurgensen 562 (holotype: KW?, n.v.;  isotypes: FI, G, G-BOIS, K, OXF, fragment F).

    Bejaria pallens J. Rémy, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 229.  1847.  Type.  Bolivia.  La Paz:  Chulumani, d'Orbigny 404 (holotype: P, photo NY neg. 11679; isotype: fragment NY, W).

    Bejaria denticulata J. Rémy, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 230.  1847.  Type.  Bolivia.  La Paz:  Mt. Visachal, d'Orbigny 480  (holotype: P, photo F neg. 38278;  isotypes: W, fragment F ex P, fragment NY ex P).

    Bejaria lindeniana Hérincq, Rev. Hort., sér. 3, 4: 183.  1850.  Type.  Venezuela.  Mérida:  Betw. Caracas and Mérida, 1820 m, 1843, Linden 387 (lectotype, designated by Clemants (1995): G-DC, photo NY neg. 11696; isolectotypes: BR, CGE, FI, G-DC, G-BOIS, K, LG, OXF, P, US, W, fragment F).

    Bejaria drymifolia Linden ex Hérincq, Rev. Hort., sér. 3, 4: 185.  1850.  Type.  Colombia.  Norte de Santander:  Chinacotá, 1830 m, Feb 1847, Funck & Schlim 1456 (lectotype, designated by Clemants (1995): P, photo NY neg. 11680; isolectotypes: BR, CGE, G, G-BOIS, G-DC, LD, LE, W, fragment F).

    Bejaria decora Drake del Castillo, J. Bot. (Morot) 3: 77.  1889 (as Befaria).  Type.  Ecuador.  Loja:  Chonta-cruz, E of Loja, Poortman 116 (holotype, P?, n.v.).

    Bejaria parvifolia Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 110.  1912 (as Befaria).  Type.  Bolivia.  La Paz:  Near Apolo, 1760 m, 25 Jul 1902, R. S. Williams 1473 (holotype: NY, photo NY neg. 11692;  isotype: K).

    Bejaria ghiesbreghtiana Planchon ex Fedchenko & Basilevskaja, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 6: 38.  1926.  Type.  México.  Oaxaca: Without precise locality, 1842-1843, Ghiesbreght s.n. (holotype:  LE, photo NY neg. 11711).  Possible type:  Ghiesbreght 31, NY.

    Bejaria antioquiae Fedtschenko & Basilevskaja, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 6: 40.  1926.  Type.  Colombia.  Antioquia:  Betw. Yolombó and Cauca, 1500-2000 m, 18 Sep 1884, Lehmann 212 (holotype: LE, photo NY neg. 11710; isotypes: F, G-BOIS, K).

    Bejaria subserrata Fedtschenko & Basilevskaja, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 6: 41.  1926.  Type.  Colombia.  Santander:  Piedecuesta, 1515-1820 m, Jan 1847 (fl), Funck & Schlim 1331 (holotype: LE, photo NY neg. 11709; isotypes: G, G-DC, LD, P, W, fragment F ex P).

    Bejaria boliviensis Fedtschenko & Basilevskaja, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 6: 42.  1926.  Type.  Bolivia, 1500-2000 mi. in the interior, lat. 15-18?, without date, Bridges 177 (lectotype, designated by Clemants (1995): LE, photo NY neg. 11708).

    Bejaria glauca Bonpland var. tomentella Mansfeld & Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 255.  1935 (as Befaria).  Type.  Peru.  Cuzco:  Forantoy valley, Lucmayoc, 2150 m, Herrera 1727 (holotype: B, n.v., destroyed).  Peru.  Dept. Cusco: "Pillahuata", Cerro Cusilluyoc, 2700-2900 m, 3-6 May 1925 (fl), Pennell 14085 (lectotype, designated by Clemants (1995): S, photo NY neg. 11687; isolectotypes: GH, K, NY, US).

    Bejaria glauca Bonpland var. setosa Mansfeld & Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 256.  1935 (as Befaria).  Type.  Bolivia.  La Paz:  Larecaja, Cerro Vacani, nr. Ananea, 2500 m, May-Jun 1860, Mandon 563 (holotype: B, n.v., destroyed; lectotype, designated by Clemants (1995): NY, photo NY neg. 11683, NY type herbarium microfiche #760/C3; isolectotypes: F, G, G-BOIS, G-DC, GH, K, S, W, photo NY neg. 9621).

    Bejaria glauca Bonpland var. glandulosa Mansfeld & Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 257.  1935 (as Befaria).  Type.  Peru.  Huánuco:  Macora and Pillao, Chinchao, Tafalla 204 (holotype: MA, photo NY neg. 11685; isotype: B, n.v., destroyed).

    Heptacarpus salmonicolor Conzatti, Anales de Hospital General 2(5): 5-7.  1940, illegitimate name (Art. 36.1).  Type.  México.  Oaxaca:  Dist. Ixtlán, nr. Cacalotepec, Sierra de Ixtlán, 900 m, 10 Oct 1939 (fl), C. Conzatti 6000 (coll. by M. Gómez & V. Conzatti) (holotype: Conzatti herb. n.v.; isotype: ECON, photo NY neg. 11691).

    Bejaria hintonii Camp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 108.  1941 (as Befaria).  Type.  México.  Guerrero: Dist. Galena, Piedra Ancha, 2800 m, 3 May 1939 (fl), Hinton 14237 (holotype: NY, photo NY neg. 9783, NY type herbarium microfiche #760/B9;  isotypes: F, GH, LL, MO, photo, NY neg. 9615).

    Bejaria guatemalensis Camp, Bull. Torrey Bot, Club 68: 110.  1041 (as Befaria).  Type.  Guatemala.  Zacapa:  Sierra de Las Minas, below Finca Alejandria, 1700-2000 m, 12 Oct 1939 (fl), Steyermark 29783 (holotype: F, photos F neg. 52520, NY neg. 9616; isotype fragment: NY).


        Shrub or tree 1-15 m tall;  bark smooth or fissured, glabrous, tomentose, hispid, or glandular-hispid, gray or dark brown;  twigs subterete, glabrous, hispid, or glandular-hispid, gray or brown.  Leaves coriaceous, flat, rarely revolute or longitudinally-curled, elliptic to narrowly elliptic (narrowly ovate, narrowly obovate or ovate), (0.8-)1.5-8(-12.5) x (0.1-)0.7-2.5(-3.2) cm, base cuneate (obtuse), apex obtuse or acute (retuse or acuminate), often mucronate, margin entire, ciliate, or glandular-ciliate (slightly crenate), both surfaces glabrous, tomentose, hispid, or glandular-hispid;  petiole slightly flattened in cross-section, (1-)3-12 mm long, glabrous, tomentose, hispid, or glandular-hispid.  Inflorescence terminal, axillary, or commonly both, racemose, 5-14(-25)-flowered;  rachis (0.5-)1.8-18 cm long and (0.7-)1-3.3 mm diam., glabrous, tomentose, hispid, or glandular-hispid;  pedicels (3-)9-45 mm long and (0.4-)0.6-1.2 mm in diam., indumentum as with the rachis;  bracteoles usually inserted on the basal 1/2 of the pedicel, flat (revolute or involute), narrowly oblong, narrowly ovate, or narrowly elliptic, (0.8-)1.3-3.8(-5.2) x 0.2-1(-1.5) mm, base cuneate or truncate, apex acute to acuminate (obtuse), margin entire, ciliolate, ciliate, or glandular-ciliate, indumentum the same as the leaves;  floral bracts flat or sometimes revolute, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate or narrowly obovate, (0.9-)1.8-15(-30) x (0.4-)0.6-3.6(-8.4) mm, base cuneate or truncate, apex acute to obtuse (acuminate), margin entire, ciliolate, ciliate, or glandular-ciliate, indumentum the same as the leaves.  Flowers (5-)7(-11)-merous;  calyx 2.6-6.1 mm long;  tube 0.5-3 mm long, 2.5-5.6 mm in diam., glabrous, tomentose, hispid, or glandular-hispid, brown, red, green, tan, or orangish-brown;  lobes ovate to broadly ovate, apex obtuse to acute, often mucronate, margin entire, erose, dentate, ciliolate, ciliate, or glandular-ciliate, (0.8-)1.4-3.7(-4.6) x 1.2-3.5(-4.7) mm, longest lobes (0.9-)2.3-3.7(-4.6), abaxial surface glabrous, tomentose, hispid, or glandular-hispid;  corolla campanulate or spreading (narrowly salveriform), pink to white, sometimes red, petals narrowly obovate (elliptic), (8.5-)12-27.5(-45) x 2.4-8.8 mm, margin entire or undulate, sometimes distally tomentose;  stamens included to slightly exserted, (9-)13-27(-43) mm long (very rarely more than 1.2 times the length of the petals);  filaments tomentose, very rarely glabrous;  anther 1.2-2.9(-3.9) mm long, 0.5-1.6(-2) mm in diam., glabrous or proximally tomentose;  ovary glabrous (pilose);  style included to exserted, 6.7-39(-49.5) mm long;  stigma capitate or 7-lobed.  Capsule depressed obovoid, 4-8 mm long, 6.2-15 mm diam., brown, exocarp not separating from the valves;  seeds 1.2-2 mm long, 0.3-0.6 mm in diam.

        Distribution.  Southern Durango, México to southern Bolivia and across the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela to the State of Sucre, in pine woods and cloud forests in México and Central America to cloud forests, dry montane forests, shrub páramos, grasslands and roadsides of South America, at (300-)1000-3000(-3500) m.  Although it flowers and bears fruit all year, specific populations often have a distinct phenology.

        Local names.  México: peosle, jara (Guerrero), flor de mayo (Hidalgo), flor blanca (Jalisco), rosa del monte, madroño (Oaxaca), coyopolin (Puebla), madroño del agua (Sinaloa).  Guatelmala: azajarillo (Zacapa).  Colombia: carbonero, encillo (Antioquia), carbón (Cundinamarca), guinda (Magdalena), clavelito, pegamoscos, pegajosa, pegajoso (Norte de Santander).  Venezuela: rosa del Avila (Distrito Federal); paramito clavirosa (Lara); melote, meloso, rosa de los Andes, pega-pega, pegosito, pegasita, meotero, curioito, pegasa, flor de María (Mérida); azahar de angel (Táchira).  Ecuador: payama (El Oro).  Peru: laurel (perhaps misapplied) (Cuzco), andean azalea, palo de acer, and palo acero (Junín), rosa rosa (Huánuco).

        Uses.  The wood is used as fuel in México, Colombia, and Peru.  Woytkowski 6570 (Junín, Peru) states "[The] best charcoal [comes] from roots, which are large and thick".  In Venezuela the flowers are used to catch flies.  Crushed leaves are used medicinally in Venezuela "to heal bone aches" (Luteyn et al. 5270).  In Bolivia Mexia 4270 states "[the] fruit [when] eaten produces great discomfort and dizziness, but if [it is] used for some time, [the] person is greatly stimulated".  The species is reported to be toxic to cattle in Peru (Junín and Huánuco).

        Cultivated:  ABG, E, NCSC.