Gaultheria scabra Willdenow, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften. 424. 1801.  Type.  Venezuela.  Distrito Federal:  Vic. Caracas, Bredemeyer s.n. (holotype, B-Willd. no. 8295, photo NY s.n.; probable isotype, P).

Gaultheria odorata Bredemeyer ex Willdenow, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 425.  1801, non H.B.K. (1819).  Type.  Venezuela. Distrito Federal:  Summit of Cerro Avila, Bredemeyer s.n. (holotype, W, photos Rijksherbarium Leiden neg. 31-1 and NY neg. s.n., frag. NY;  isotype, W).

Gaultheria coccinea Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. gen. sp. 3: 284. 1819.  Type.  Venezuela.  Distrito Federal:  Cerro Avila, 1444 m, Humboldt s.n. (holotype, P-H & B;  isotype, B, destroyed, photo F neg. 4744).

Gaultheria odorata Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. gen. sp. 3: 285. 1819, non Bredemeyer ex Willd. (1801). Brossea odorata (Kunth) O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891.  Type.  Venezuela.  Sucre: Cerro Turimiquire, Humboldt s.n. (holotype, P-H & B, photo NY s.n.).

Gaultheria cordifolia Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. gen. sp. 3:  285.  1819.  Brossea bracteata (Cavanilles) O. Kuntze var. cordifolia (Kunth) O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891.  Type. Colombia.  Nariño:  Almaguer, Humboldt 3120 (lectotype designated  by Luteyn, 1995, B-Willd. no. 8297;  isolectotype, B, destroyed, photo F, neg. 4745).

Gaultheria trichocalycina A. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7: 595.  1839.  Brossea trichocalycina (A. P. de Candolle) O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891.  Type.  Mexico:  Between Pueblo Viejo and Real del Monte, May 1827 (fl), Berlandier 328 (holotype, G-DC, photo Fernald neg. 10335;  isotypes, F frag., G, photo F neg. 26632, G-Delessert, photo Corcoran neg. 14;  possible isotypes, P, W).

Gaultheria odorata Bredemeyer ex Willdenow var. mexicana A. P. de Candolle, Prodro. 7: 595.  1839.  Type.  Mexico.  Mexico:  Chalco, Andrieux 264 (holotype, G-DC, photo Fernald neg. 9899;  isotypes, GH, K, photo Corcoran neg. 35, OXF, W).

Gaultheria hirtiflora Bentham, Pl. hartweg. 66.  1840. Brossea hirtiflora (Bentham) O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891.  Type.  Mexico. Oaxaca:  Mountains of Carmen, 1839 (fl), Hartweg 484 (holotype, K, photo MICH neg. 699;  isotypes, E, K, photo Corcoran neg. 17, L, LD, NY, OXF, W).

Gaultheria cordata Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 9: 540. 1842.  Type.  Mexico.  Michoacán:  Uruapán, 1538-1846 m, Sep 1837 (fl), Galeotti 1837 (holotype, BR, photo Corcoran neg. 33).

Gaultheria loxensis Bentham, Pl. hartweg. 143.  1844. Brossea loxensis (Bentham) O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891.  Type.  Ecuador. Loja, Hartweg 790 (holotype, K;  isotypes, CGE, frag. F, FI-Webb, G, NY, OXF, P, W).

Gaultheria vestita Bentham, Pl. hartweg. 224.  1846.  Brossea vestita (Bentham) O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891.  Type. Colombia.  Cundinamarca:  Between Zipaquira and Pacho, Hartweg 1226 (holotype, K, photo NY s.n., frag. NY;  isotypes, frag, F, LD, K, OXF).

Gaultheria formosa Remy, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. III. 8: 231.  1847.  Brossea formosa (Remy) O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891. Type.  Bolivia.  La Paz:  Cayapi, 3500 m, D'Orbigny 360 (holotype, P, photo F neg. 38259).

Gaultheria odorata Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. beta leiocalyx Meissner, Mart. Fl. bras. 7: 153.  1863.  Type.  Peru.  San Martín: San Martín, vic. Tarapoto, 1855/56, Spruce 4895 (probably 4395) (lectotype designated by Luteyn, 1995, W;  isolectotypes, BM, BR, E, frag. F, G, GH, K, LD, MPU, NY, P, S, W).  Syntype.  Venezuela. Mérida, Funck & Schlim l2l6 (BR, G, LD, OXF, NY, W).

Gaultheria roraimae Klotzsch ex Meissner, Mart. Fl. bras. 7: 153. 1863. Brossea roraimae (Klotzsch ex Meissner) O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891.  Type.  Venezuela.  Bolívar:  Mt. Roraima, Rich. Schomburgk 639 (lectotype designated by Luteyn, 1995, W; isolectotypes, F, photo NY neg. 9623, FI, G, K, NY, P, W).  Syntype. Same locality, Rich. Schomburgk 679 (BR, frag. NY, W).

Brossea bracteata (Cavanilles) O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891, non Cavanilles 1801.  Brossea bracteata (Cavanilles) O. Kuntze var. brevifolia O. Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 388.  1891.  Type. Venezuela.  Distrito Federal:  Silla de Caracas, Kuntze 1629 (lectotype, NY;  isolectotype, K).

Gaultheria hidalgensis Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 552, pl. 20.  1894.  Type.  Mexico.  Hidalgo:  Dto. Zacualtipán, nr. Otlamalacatle, May 1888 (fl), Seler 878 (holotype, B, destroyed;  lectotype designated by Luteyn, 1995, G, photo Corcoran neg. 16;  isolectotypes, GH, K).

Gaultheria odorata Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. costaricensis Donnell Smith, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 20: 292.  1895.  Gaultheria costaricensis (Donnell Smith) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 79. 1914.  Type.  Costa Rica.  Cartago:  Estrella, 1354 m, Mar 1888 (fl), J. J. Cooper 5841 (lectotype, US, photo Corcoran neg. 57;  isolectotypes, F, GH, K, M, MO, NY, US).

Gaultheria jelskii Szyszylowicz, Dissert. Classis Math.-Phys. Acad. Litt. Cracov., Ser. 2, 9: 229.  1895.  Type.  Peru.  Cajamarca:  Cutervo, Cutervo, Jelskii 262 (holotype, KRA, n.v., photo ex KRA at NY).

Gaultheria hartwegiana Klotzsch ex Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 3: 217.  1903.  Type.  Guatemala.  Quezaltenango,  1841, Hartweg 541 (lectotype designated by Luteyn, 1995, K, photo Corcoran neg. 23;  isolectotypes, B, destroyed, photo F neg. 4750, CGE, E, G, GH, LD, NY, OXF, W).  Syntype:  Guatemala.  Chimaltenango:  Sierra Santa Elena, 3000 m, Sep (fl), Seler 2379 (B, destroyed, frag. F).

Gaultheria montana Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 60.  1914.  Type. Mexico.  Chiapas:  Cerro del Boquerón, Sep 1913 (fl), Purpus 6948 (holotype, UC, photo Corcoran neg. 11).

Gaultheria longipes Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 76.  1914.  Type.  Mexico.  Morelos:  Sierra de Tepoxtlán, 2307 m, 5 Sep 1900 (fl), C. C. Pringle 8441 (holotype, NY, photo Corcoran neg. 29;  isotypes, A, CM, E, F, photo Corcoran neg. 30, G, GH, GOET, K, MICH, MO, MSC, UC, US, W).

Gaultheria parvifolia Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 78.  1914.  Type.  Mexico. Oaxaca:  "Sierra", Oct 1839 (fl), Galeotti 1848 (holotype, NY, photo Corcoran neg. 48;  isotypes, G, photo Corcoran neg. 47, GH, US; probable isotypes, BR, NY, W).  The sheets marked "probable isotypes" bear Galeotti's collection number 1848, but a different locality.  McVaugh (1978) noted that the same Galeotti collection number may include plants from different localities.

Gaultheria lancifolia Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 78.  1914.  Type.  Mexico. Mexico:  Salto de Agua, Jan 1906 (fl), Purpus 1774 (holotype, NY, photo Corcoran neg. 28;  isotypes, F, GH, MO, UC, US).

Gaultheria glandulifera Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 78.  1914.  Type.  Costa Rica. Alajuela:  Volcán Poás, 2500 m, Mar 1896 (fl), Donnell Smith 6639 (holotype, NY, photo Corcoran neg. 39;  isotypes, G, GH, M, US).

Gaultheria fendleri Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 74.  1920.  Type.  Colombia. Magdalena:  Santa Marta, top of San Lorenzo Ridge, 1950-2285 m, 27 Feb (1898-1901) (fl), H. H. Smith 1719 (holotype, NY;  isotypes, A, BM, CM, photo NY neg. 10885, E, F, photo F neg. 59466, G, K, L,  MICH, MO, P, S, U, US, WIS).

Gaultheria tetriches Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 74.  1920.  Type.  Bolivia. La Paz:  Unduavi, 3300 m, Nov 1910 (fl), Buchtien 2930 (holotype, NY; isotypes, US).

Gaultheria pilosa Fedtschenko & Basilevskaja, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot.    Sada SSSR 6: 22.  1926.  Type.  Colombia.  Cundinamarca:  Sibaté, 2800 m, Lehmann 2552  (holotype, LE, n.v., photocopy and frag. ex LE at NY;  isotype, G).

Gaultheria tatei A. C. Smith, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 60: 99.  1933.  Type. Venezuela.  Sucre:  Cerro de Turimiquire, "sub-páramo," 3000 m, 1925 (fl), Tate 217 (holotype, US).

Gaultheria vegasana A. C. Smith, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 60: 103.  1933.  Type. Colombia.  Santander: Mountains E of Las Vegas, 3000-3300 m, 20 Dec 1926 (fl), Killip & Smith 15825 (holotype, NY, photo NY neg. 9937; isotypes, A, GH, photo NY neg. 11914, S, US).

Gaultheria pennellii A. C. Smith, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 60: 105.  1933.  Type. Colombia.  Bolívar (?): Cordillera Occidental, below Páramo de Chaquiro, 2800-3100 m, 24 Feb 1918 (fl), Pennell 4341 (holotype, NY, photo NY neg. 9926;  isotype, US).  [Locality is probably in present department of Antioquia.]

Gaultheria antioquiensis A. C. Smith, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 60: 108.  1933. Type.  Colombia.  Antioquia:  Tamesis, S of Medellín, l Feb 1928 (fl), Toro 984 (holotype, NY).

Gaultheria apiculata Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12:  59. 1934.  Type.  Peru.  Junín:  Tarma, Huacapistana, 3100-3500 m, 18 Jan 1903 (fl), Weberbauer s.n. (holotype, B, destroyed).  The protologue indicates that the species belongs to G. erecta. Weberbauer 2086 at G (frag. ex G at L) and a photo of this collection at MOL (L, NY), annotated by Sleumer as an isotype of G. apiculata, is actually G. glomerata.  The label also differs from that of the type of G. apiculata (3000-3100 m not 3100-3500 m); therefore, it is not an isotype.

Gaultheria glandulosissima Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 60. 1934.  Type.  Peru.  Junín:  Tarma, Huacapistana, 2000-2400 m, 14  Jan 1903 (fl), Weberbauer 2143 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Luteyn, 1995, G, photo F neg. 28926;  isolectotypes, MOL, frag. US].

Gaultheria opaca Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 61. 1934. Type.  Peru.  Huánuco:  Huámalies, Monzón, 1600-1900 m, 5 Aug 1903 (fl), Weberbauer 3519 (holotype, B, destroyed;  isotypes, frag. US ex B, USM, photo L neg. s.n. at NY).

Gaultheria regia Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 62. 1934.Type.  Colombia.  Cundinamarca:  Cerro Guadaloupe above Bogotá, 2700-3200 m, Feb 1929 (fl), Troll 3501 (holotype, B, destroyed,  frag. US).

Gaultheria weberbaueriana Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 64.1934.  Type.  Peru.  Huánuco:  Huámalies, Monzón, 2500-2900 m, 8 Jul  1903 (fl),  (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Luteyn, 1995, MOL n.v., photo L neg. s.n. at NY).

Gaultheria donnellii Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 125. 1934.  Type.  Costa Rica.  Heredia:  Laguna del Barba, 30 May 1858 (fl), Hoffmann 3 (holotype, B, destroyed;  lectotype designated by  Luteyn, 1995, fragment at US).

Gaultheria cumingii Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 125.  1934, as Gaultheria cummingii Sleumer.  Type.  Mexico.  Oaxaca: 1859,  Cuming s.n. (holotype, B, destroyed;  lectotype designated by L. O. Williams, 1965, G, photos F neg. 28924 and Corcoran neg. 54, frag. F;  isolectotype, P).

Gaultheria poasana Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 127.  1934.  Type.  Costa Rica.  Alajuela:  Volcán Poás, 2600 m, Mar 1896 (fl, fr), Donnell Smith 6631 (holotype, B, destroyed;  lectotype designated by Luteyn, 1995, US;  isolectotypes, F, GH, M, MO, NY).

Gaultheria schiedeana Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 128. 1934.  Type.  Mexico.  Veracruz:  Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco, Mar 1829 (fl), Schiede 1230 (holotype, B, destroyed;  lectotype  designated by Luteyn, 1995, HAL, photo Corcoran neg. 19;  isolectotypes, BR, frag. F, OXF, U, US).

Gaultheria cordifrons Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 283. 1935.  Gaultheria glandulifera Fedschenko & Basilevskaja, Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Bot. USSR 6: 21.  1926, non Small (1914).  Type.  "Columbia: Sierra Nevada and Merida," Engel 237 (lectotype designated by Luteyn (1995) to correct Sleumer's lectotypification on sheet but unpublished (see discussion), LE, fragments and  photocopy seen).

Gaultheria subrotunda Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 284. 1935.  Type.  Nicaragua,  "Omotepec at the summit," 1853-1856, Wright s.n. (holotype, B, destroyed;  lectotype designated by  Luteyn, 1995, US, photo Corcoran neg. 43;  isolectotypes, GH, photo  NY neg. 11920, GOET).

Gaultheria lancifolia Small var. dulcis Camp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 66: 14. 1939.  Type.  El Salvador.  Volcán de Salvador, 1000-1800 m, 7 Apr 1922 (fl, fr), Standley 22944 (holotype, NY, photo Corcoran neg. 27;  isotypes, GH, MO, US).

Gaultheria conzattii Camp var. conzattii, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 66: 16. 1939. Type.  Mexico.  Oaxaca:  Cerro de San Felipe, 29 Dec 1936 (fl), Camp 2416 (holotype, NY, photo Corcoran neg. 13;  isotypes, F, photo F neg. 59459, MO, UC).

Gaultheria conzattii Camp var. mijorum Camp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 66: 17.1939.  Type.  Mexico.  Oaxaca:  Cerro Zempoaltepetl, 19-27 Feb 1937 (fl), Camp 2659p.p. (holotype, NY "sheet I", photo Corcoran neg. 55;   isotypes, A, BR, MICH, NY, photos Corcoran neg. 56 and NY neg. 9905,  TEX, UC, US).

Gaultheria tacanensis Camp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 66: 20.  1939.  Type.Mexico.  Chiapas:  Volcán Tacaná, 3077 m, 16 Jan 1938 (fl, fr),  MacDougall s.n. (holotype, NY, photos F neg. s.n. and Corcoran neg.12;  isotype, NY).

Gaultheria ornata A. C. Smith, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 344.  1950.  Type. Venezuela.  Mérida:  Páramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita, 2745-3045 m, 12 May 1944 (fl), Rudd 525 (holotype, US;  isotype, VEN).

Gaultheria meridensis A. C. Smith, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 346.  1950. Type.  Venezuela.  Mérida:  Páramo del Molino, 3200 m, 19 Jan 1922 (fl), Jahn 936 (holotype, US).

Gaultheria lepida A. C. Smith, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 450.  1953.  Type. Venezuela.  Bolívar:  Sororopán-tepui, 2225-2255 m, 13 Nov 1944  (fl), Steyermark 60051 (holotype, F, photos F neg. 52532 and US neg.3221;  isotypes, A, photo NY neg. 11913, VEN).

Gaultheria saltensis Sleumer, Darwiniana 11(2): 273.  1957.  Type.  Argentina. Salta:  Santa Victoria, Toldos, Cuesta de San José, 2750 m, 7 Feb 1953 (fl, fr), Sleumer 3833 (holotype, LIL n.v., photo ex LIL s.n.at NY;  isotypes, L, S, US).

     Erect to arching or sometimes spreading with plagiotropic habit, sometimes rhizomatous, terrestrial or rarely epiphytic shrub to small tree (0.1-)0.5-3(-7.5) m tall;  mature stem terete to subterete, striate, often nitid, sometimes glaucous, glabrous to sparsely white puberulent, also often persistently hispid-hirsute with thin, basally swollen, straight or crisped, ± ferruginous, eglandular or gland-tipped hairs 0.4-3 mm long, sometimes these deciduous and then stem often punctate or scabrous due to persistent hair bases; bark cracking longitudinally, dark reddish-brown to grayish-red when dry;  twigs terete to subterete, sometimes flexuous, striate to ridged, glabrous to densely white puberulent, also moderately to densely hirsute with thin to stout, straight or crisped, ferruginous, somewhat basally swollen, eglandular or with minutely to conspicuously gland-tipped hairs to 1.5 mm long, reddish-brown when dry;  buds terete to complanate, ovoid, to ca. 5 mm long, scales numerous, ovate, obtuse to rounded, striate, glabrous to puberulent, scarious and ciliolate, reddish-brown when dry.  Leaves coriaceous, flat to sometimes somewhat bullate, spreading or erect and sometimes clasping, ovate (sometimes broadly so), elliptic, to subrotund, (2-)5-11 x (1-)2.5-6.5 cm, base rounded or obtuse to broadly cuneate and often subcordate to deeply cordate, sometimes truncate, apex acute or short-acuminate (rounded) with a short, blunt, often prominent, glandular mucro, remotely and shallowly crenate-serrate (at base) becoming minutely but sharply serrate (distally), with each tooth terminating in a deciduous, basally swollen, usually gland-tipped hair to 1 mm long, lamina glabrous to white puberulent along veins above, also sparsely or moderately hirsute on lamina or especially along veins with deciduous, often gland-tipped hairs less than 1 mm long, sparsely to densely hirsute beneath with deciduous, straight or crisped, ferruginous, eglandular or minutely gland-tipped hairs to 2 mm long, on both surfaces lamina often becomes glabrate but the swollen basal portion of the deciduous hairs remains leaving blackish to reddish punctae scattered over entire surface and sometimes causing lamina to be scabrous;  midrib impressed above and raised beneath, often conspicuously thickened at base for 1-3 cm, lateral nerves 4-5 per side, plane to impressed above and raised beneath, reticulate veinlets plane to slightly impressed or raised above and raised beneath, usually obscure above but sometimes very conspicuous beneath;  petiole subterete, shallowly but broadly to narrowly canaliculate above, rugose, 1-8 mm long, deciduously white puberulent especially above, also often hirsute with eglandular or gland-tipped hairs and becoming punctate as twigs.  Inflorescence axillary, racemose, 10-26-flowered, surrounded at the base by numerous, striate, ovate to elliptic, acute to rounded, scarious and ciliolate bracts to ca. 10 mm long;  rachis subterete, bluntly angled, striate, 2-12 cm long, moderately to densely white puberulent, also moderately to densely hirsute with thin to stout, straight to crisped, ferruginous,  glandular or gland-tipped hairs to 1.5 mm long;  pedicels terete, striate, (3-)8-13 mm long, pubescent as rachis;  bracteoles located near base or middle of pedicel or rarely above the middle, wide-spreading, sometimes subopposite, striate, narrowly elliptic-ovate to linear-ovate, (1.5-)5-7 x (0.5-)1-1.5 mm, long-acuminate, weakly puberulent, ciliolate, margin often bearing gland-tipped hairs, dorsally glabrous to sparsely to densely pubescent often with gland-tipped hairs ca. 0.2 mm long;  floral bract subcoriaceous, located at base or often adnate to pedicel for 1 mm, striate, erect or more normally spreading to reflexed, concave, cochleariform, longitudinally curled or revolute, ovate at base but becoming ovate-elliptic to obovate distally, (3.7-)8-16 x (1.6-)3-6 mm, acute to acuminate, sparsely puberulent all over especially at base, sparsely ciliolate and marginally often densely short-glandular pubescent, also lamina often dorsally sparsely to densely glandular pubescent.  Calyx (3-)4-6(-9) mm long, glabrous to densely white puberulent especially at base, sometimes glabrate distally or only puberulent at lobe tips, also often moderately to densely hirsute with straight to crisped, eglandular or glandular setae all over without, lobes erect to sometimes reflexed when dry, narrowly to broadly triangular to ovate, (1.5-)3-5.5(-7) x 1.3-3.3 mm, acute to long-acuminate, densely ciliolate, usually puberulent or sometimes glabrous within;  corolla ovate-urceolate to cylindric-urceolate, terete or rarely apparently bluntly angled, (4.5-)6-7(-8) x 4-6 mm, essentially glabrous to sparsely or densely short-pilose without, also often sparsely to densely  hirsute to strigose without with straight to crisped, eglandular or gland-tipped, ferruginous hairs to 0.7 mm long, glabrous or weakly short-pilose within, white to cream-colored through rose to dark red when fresh, lobes ovate, (0.5-)1-1.5 mm long, obtuse;  stamens (2.7-)5-6 mm long;  filaments (2.1-)3.5-5 mm long, pilose at margin;  anthers 1.2-2.8 mm long, awns short and sometimes inconspicuous to conspicuous;  ovary glabrous to densely short-pilose;  style 4-6 mm long, glabrous to short-pilose at base.  Fruiting calyx 7-12(-15) mm diam., glabrous to sparsely pilose, sometimes also sparsely hirsute with   land-tipped hairs, blue-black.  Chromosome number:  n=11, 2n=22 (Luteyn & Callejas 10058, Luteyn & Cotton 10869, and Luteyn & Cotton 11409).

     Distribution (General map; map for Brazil).  Widespread from north-central Mexico through Central America into the Andes of South America to northern Argentina, also very rare in SE Brazil.  Common in open or shrubby areas such as roadbanks, landslides, or meadows, rocky places, Quercus-Pinus-Cupressus forest (Mexico to Honduras and Costa Rica), edge of cloud and elfin forest, páramo and subpáramo thickets, and rarely boggy areas at elevations of (800-)1400-3300(-3700) m.  Flowering and fruiting specimens have been collected throughout the year.  Probably hybridizes occasionally with Pernettya prostrata (Cav.) DC. as well as other gaultherias, viz. G. acuminata, G. alnifolia var. alnifolia, G. anastomosans, G. bracteata, G. eriophylla var. mucronata, G. glomerata, G. lanigera var. lanigera, G. parvifolia, G. reticulata, and possibly also G. rigida, G. serrata var.organensis, and G. vaccinioides.

     Common names and uses.  Mexico:  ajate'es, b. Ajaté es, tzobet (Chiapas); Axocopa (Hidalgo & Veracruz);  an-dzits (Oaxaca);  arrayar (Veracruz).  El Salvador:  pasas (fide Flora of Guatemala).  Venezuela:  pesgua (Aragua);  pejua macho, pesjúa, pesjua macho (Distrito Federal);  melotera (Mérida);  quemadero (Táchira);  cacaíto (Trujillo).  Colombia:  mortiño, uva (Antioquia);  pachín (Boyacá, Santander);  mortiño borachero azuloso, urbalai (Cauca);  cacao (Distrito Federal).  Peru:  papacusa (Amazonas);  macha macha, monte pespita (Cuzco);  pachyla-pachyla (Huancavelica);  mullaca (San Martín);  pango mullaca, pejoa (Macbride, 1959). The fruits are eaten throughout the range, e.g., "fruit black, eaten by small boys" (Fosberg 21626), and the plant is used as a "cough-remedy" in Peru (McCarrol 31).

    Cultivated:  E, K.