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| Collectors: | Steere, William Campbell, 1907-1989. | |
| Title: | William Campbell Steere Records (RG4) | |
| Dates: | 1958-1988 | |
| Quantity: | 20.5 linear feet; 21 boxes | |
| Call Phrase: | Steere (RG4) | |
William Campbell Steere (1907-1989), born November 4, 1907 in Muskegon, Michigan, came from a long line of pioneering-naturalist Irish-Quaker ancestors. His paternal grandfather, Joseph Beal Steere, was a professor of zoology and paleontology at the University of Michigan and was the principal influence on Steere's subsequent interest in and pursuit of a botanical career.
William Campbell Steere graduated with "high distinction" from the University of Michigan in 1929 with a B.S. in Botany. From 1929 to 1931 he attended the University of Pennsylvania where he studied cytology under W. R. Taylor and concurrently served full time as an Instructor at Temple University. In 1931, Professor Harley H. Bartlett persuaded Steere to return to the University of Michigan as Instructor. Shortly after his return he was awarded an M.A. in 1931 and a Ph. D. in 1932. Joining the faculty in Ann Arbor, Dr. Steere progressed through its ranks to Full Professor in 1946 and was appointed Chair of the Botany Department in 1947.
While his early research and publications were on phanerogamic cytology, Dr. Steere's fascination with bryophytes, mosses in particular, was formed during his second year as a university student while working as a lumberjack in Oregon ("I was attracted by the beautiful mosses of the woods."). Soon after receiving his doctorate he focused his research on bryology, a relatively unexplored field in 1930s North America. From 1938 to 1942, and again from 1945 to 1946, Steere taught field courses in bryology and systematic biology, concentrating on Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Other highlights of his career during this period include: leading a biological survey of the Maya Region of the Yucatan in 1932; serving as an exchange professor at the University of Puerto Rico in 1935, where he developed a large collection of mosses that provided the basis for Mosses of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (co-authored with Howard Crum); leading expeditions, from 1942 to 1946, to locate and develop Cinchona plantations in Latin America and provide alternative sources of quinine for the United States during World War II (he also managed to find time to collect bryophyte specimens, although they would remain uncatalogued into the last decade of his life). He also led field parties to Great Bear Lake in Canada's Northwest Territories during 1948 and Alaska in the summer of 1949 to study the effects of naturally occurring radioactivity on plant life. These two forays introduced Steere to the world of Arctic Bryophytes which he would continue to explore from the 1950s until the early 1970s.
Professor Steere left the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor for Stanford University in 1950. He remained at Stanford until 1954, when he accepted a one-year position with the National Science Foundation as Program Director in Systematic Biology. During his time in Washington, D.C. he became involved with Biological Abstracts, beginning a long-term commitment to BIOSIS (BioSciences Information Service). Steere returned to Stanford University in 1955 as Dean of Graduate Studies. He also continued to teach, advise doctoral candidates in the field of bryology, and gather specimens of Arctic Bryophytes.
In 1958, Dr. Steere accepted the position of Director at The New York Botanical Garden. During his tenure at the Garden, Steere was able to reinvigorate and maintain the Garden's tradition of excellence in science. The scientific staff doubled, publications increased fivefold, a new library wing was built, the graduate training program expanded and, when Columbia University changed emphases, he successfully transferred the cooperative Graduate Program in Botany to Lehman College of the City University of New York. In the midst of the exercise of these responsibilities, Dr. Steere continued pursuit of his own rigorous research, publishing, and public speaking activities; while following the careers of his former students and encouraging yet a new generation of bryologists. Steere also played a pivotal role in international scientific cooperation. The recipient of numerous awards, he was active in a variety of scientific societies in the United States, Europe and South America. Because of the relationships among Japanese flora and the flora of eastern North America, Alaska, and the Pacific Northwest, his special focus was Japan.
Dr. Steere relinquished his duties as Director of the New York Botanical Garden in 1973, assuming the title Senior Scientist. He formally "retired" in 1977. As Senior Scientist and President Emeritus, however, Dr. Steere maintained an office at the Garden and continued his work in bryology until his death on February 7, 1989.
The content of Dr. Steere's scientific papers is indicative of his research and other professional activities when employed by The New York Botanical Garden. The scientific records of Dr. William Campbell Steere document the life, professional activities, and varied interests of one of the Twentieth Century's foremost bryologists. Steere continued his scientific research while serving in an administrative capacity as Director of the Garden from 1958-1977.
Although divided into Personal Papers (PP) and Scientific Records (RG 4) and Administrative Records (RG3) reflecting the original order of these records, there is a significant amount of overlap between the collections. These papers and records encompass a sixty-one year period from Dr. Steere's experience as an undergraduate in 1927 to his death in 1988. Bulk dates for his Personal Papers are 1927-1958. Bulk dates for his Scientific Papers are 1958-1988. Bulk dates for his Administrative Records are 1958-1972.
CONDITION:
The researcher should exercise extra care when using these collections. Many of the papers are brittle and fading both because of age and the quality of the paper itself. Pages that are especially fragile and fragmenting have been photocopied to minimize handling of the originals, which have been left in place. Photographs and negatives also have been retained in their original locations among these papers and records.
This collection is open for research with permission from Mertz Library staff.
Requests for permission to publish material from the collection should be submitted in writing to the LuEsther T. Mertz Library of the New York Botanical Garden.
Indexing Terms |
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| The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the library's online public access catalog. | ||
| Subjects | ||
| Bryophyta -- Arctic regions. | ||
| New York Botanical Garden Archives. | ||
| Steere, William Campbell, 1907-1989 -- Archives. | ||
The New York Botanical Garden
RG3-- Records of the Chief Executive Officer: William Campbell Steere. 1958-1972
PP--William C. Steere Papers. 1927-1958
CFN--Collector’s Field Notebooks
William Campbell Steere Records (RG4), Archives, The New York Botanical Garden.
The William Campbell Steere Records and Papers, 1927-1988, were transferred and donated to the New York Botanical Garden Archives in several intervals, from 1975 to 1988.
Originally processed by Susan Fraser, NYBG Archivist. January 2001. Converted to EAD in August 2006 by Kathleene Konkle under a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH-PA 50678-04).